pub struct BorrowedCursor<'a> { /* private fields */ }
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Expand description
A writeable view of the unfilled portion of a BorrowedBuf
.
The unfilled portion consists of an initialized and an uninitialized part; see BorrowedBuf
for details.
Data can be written directly to the cursor by using append
or
indirectly by getting a slice of part or all of the cursor and writing into the slice. In the
indirect case, the caller must call advance
after writing to inform
the cursor how many bytes have been written.
Once data is written to the cursor, it becomes part of the filled portion of the underlying
BorrowedBuf
and can no longer be accessed or re-written by the cursor. I.e., the cursor tracks
the unfilled part of the underlying BorrowedBuf
.
The lifetime 'a
is a bound on the lifetime of the underlying buffer (which means it is a bound
on the data in that buffer by transitivity).
Implementationsยง
Sourceยงimpl<'a> BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> BorrowedCursor<'a>
Sourcepub fn reborrow<'this>(&'this mut self) -> BorrowedCursor<'this> โ
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn reborrow<'this>(&'this mut self) -> BorrowedCursor<'this> โ
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Reborrows this cursor by cloning it with a smaller lifetime.
Since a cursor maintains unique access to its underlying buffer, the borrowed cursor is not accessible while the new cursor exists.
Sourcepub fn capacity(&self) -> usize
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Returns the available space in the cursor.
Sourcepub fn written(&self) -> usize
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn written(&self) -> usize
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Returns the number of bytes written to the BorrowedBuf
this cursor was created from.
In particular, the count returned is shared by all reborrows of the cursor.
Sourcepub fn init_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] โ
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn init_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8] โ
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Returns a mutable reference to the initialized portion of the cursor.
Sourcepub unsafe fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub unsafe fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Returns a mutable reference to the whole cursor.
ยงSafety
The caller must not uninitialize any bytes in the initialized portion of the cursor.
Sourcepub fn advance(&mut self, n: usize) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn advance(&mut self, n: usize) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Advances the cursor by asserting that n
bytes have been filled.
After advancing, the n
bytes are no longer accessible via the cursor and can only be
accessed via the underlying buffer. I.e., the bufferโs filled portion grows by n
elements
and its unfilled portion (and the capacity of this cursor) shrinks by n
elements.
If less than n
bytes initialized (by the cursorโs point of view), set_init
should be
called first.
ยงPanics
Panics if there are less than n
bytes initialized.
Sourcepub unsafe fn advance_unchecked(&mut self, n: usize) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub unsafe fn advance_unchecked(&mut self, n: usize) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Advances the cursor by asserting that n
bytes have been filled.
After advancing, the n
bytes are no longer accessible via the cursor and can only be
accessed via the underlying buffer. I.e., the bufferโs filled portion grows by n
elements
and its unfilled portion (and the capacity of this cursor) shrinks by n
elements.
ยงSafety
The caller must ensure that the first n
bytes of the cursor have been properly
initialised.
Sourcepub fn ensure_init(&mut self) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn ensure_init(&mut self) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Initializes all bytes in the cursor.
Sourcepub unsafe fn set_init(&mut self, n: usize) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub unsafe fn set_init(&mut self, n: usize) -> &mut BorrowedCursor<'a> โ
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Asserts that the first n
unfilled bytes of the cursor are initialized.
BorrowedBuf
assumes that bytes are never de-initialized, so this method does nothing when
called with fewer bytes than are already known to be initialized.
ยงSafety
The caller must ensure that the first n
bytes of the buffer have already been initialized.
Sourcepub fn append(&mut self, buf: &[u8])
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn append(&mut self, buf: &[u8])
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Appends data to the cursor, advancing position within its buffer.
ยงPanics
Panics if self.capacity()
is less than buf.len()
.
Sourcepub fn with_unfilled_buf<T>(
&mut self,
f: impl FnOnce(&mut BorrowedBuf<'_>) -> T,
) -> T
๐ฌThis is a nightly-only experimental API. (core_io_borrowed_buf
)
pub fn with_unfilled_buf<T>( &mut self, f: impl FnOnce(&mut BorrowedBuf<'_>) -> T, ) -> T
core_io_borrowed_buf
)Runs the given closure with a BorrowedBuf
containing the unfilled part
of the cursor.
This enables inspecting what was written to the cursor.
ยงPanics
Panics if the BorrowedBuf
given to the closure is replaced by another
one.
Trait Implementationsยง
Sourceยงimpl<'a> Debug for BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> Debug for BorrowedCursor<'a>
Sourceยงimpl<'data> From<BorrowedCursor<'data>> for BorrowedBuf<'data>
Creates a new BorrowedBuf
from a cursor.
impl<'data> From<BorrowedCursor<'data>> for BorrowedBuf<'data>
Creates a new BorrowedBuf
from a cursor.
Use BorrowedCursor::with_unfilled_buf
instead for a safer alternative.
Sourceยงfn from(buf: BorrowedCursor<'data>) -> BorrowedBuf<'data>
fn from(buf: BorrowedCursor<'data>) -> BorrowedBuf<'data>
Sourceยงimpl<'a> Write for BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> Write for BorrowedCursor<'a>
Sourceยงfn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>
Sourceยงfn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool
can_vector
)Sourceยงfn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>
Sourceยงfn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>
fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>
write_all_vectored
)Sourceยงfn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>
fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>
Auto Trait Implementationsยง
impl<'a> Freeze for BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> RefUnwindSafe for BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> Send for BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> Sync for BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> Unpin for BorrowedCursor<'a>
impl<'a> !UnwindSafe for BorrowedCursor<'a>
Blanket Implementationsยง
Sourceยงimpl<T> AggregateExpressionMethods for T
impl<T> AggregateExpressionMethods for T
Sourceยงfn aggregate_distinct(self) -> Self::Outputwhere
Self: DistinctDsl,
fn aggregate_distinct(self) -> Self::Outputwhere
Self: DistinctDsl,
DISTINCT
modifier for aggregate functions Read moreSourceยงfn aggregate_all(self) -> Self::Outputwhere
Self: AllDsl,
fn aggregate_all(self) -> Self::Outputwhere
Self: AllDsl,
ALL
modifier for aggregate functions Read moreSourceยงfn aggregate_filter<P>(self, f: P) -> Self::Output
fn aggregate_filter<P>(self, f: P) -> Self::Output
Sourceยงfn aggregate_order<O>(self, o: O) -> Self::Outputwhere
Self: OrderAggregateDsl<O>,
fn aggregate_order<O>(self, o: O) -> Self::Outputwhere
Self: OrderAggregateDsl<O>,
Sourceยงimpl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,
impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere
T: ?Sized,
Sourceยงfn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T
Sourceยงimpl<T> Downcast for Twhere
T: Any,
impl<T> Downcast for Twhere
T: Any,
Sourceยงfn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>
fn into_any(self: Box<T>) -> Box<dyn Any>
Box<dyn Trait>
(where Trait: Downcast
) to Box<dyn Any>
, which can then be
downcast
into Box<dyn ConcreteType>
where ConcreteType
implements Trait
.Sourceยงfn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>
fn into_any_rc(self: Rc<T>) -> Rc<dyn Any>
Rc<Trait>
(where Trait: Downcast
) to Rc<Any>
, which can then be further
downcast
into Rc<ConcreteType>
where ConcreteType
implements Trait
.Sourceยงfn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)
fn as_any(&self) -> &(dyn Any + 'static)
&Trait
(where Trait: Downcast
) to &Any
. This is needed since Rust cannot
generate &Any
โs vtable from &Trait
โs.Sourceยงfn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)
fn as_any_mut(&mut self) -> &mut (dyn Any + 'static)
&mut Trait
(where Trait: Downcast
) to &Any
. This is needed since Rust cannot
generate &mut Any
โs vtable from &mut Trait
โs.Sourceยงimpl<T> DowncastSend for T
impl<T> DowncastSend for T
Sourceยงimpl<T> DowncastSync for T
impl<T> DowncastSync for T
Sourceยงimpl<T> ExecutableCommand for T
impl<T> ExecutableCommand for T
Sourceยงfn execute(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> Result<&mut T, Error>
fn execute(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> Result<&mut T, Error>
Executes the given command directly.
The given command its ANSI escape code will be written and flushed onto Self
.
ยงArguments
-
The command that you want to execute directly.
ยงExample
use std::io;
use crossterm::{ExecutableCommand, style::Print};
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
// will be executed directly
io::stdout()
.execute(Print("sum:\n".to_string()))?
.execute(Print(format!("1 + 1= {} ", 1 + 1)))?;
Ok(())
// ==== Output ====
// sum:
// 1 + 1 = 2
}
Have a look over at the Command API for more details.
ยงNotes
- In the case of UNIX and Windows 10, ANSI codes are written to the given โwriterโ.
- In case of Windows versions lower than 10, a direct WinAPI call will be made.
The reason for this is that Windows versions lower than 10 do not support ANSI codes,
and can therefore not be written to the given
writer
. Therefore, there is no difference between execute and queue for those old Windows versions.
Sourceยงimpl<T> IntoEither for T
impl<T> IntoEither for T
Sourceยงfn into_either(self, into_left: bool) -> Either<Self, Self> โ
fn into_either(self, into_left: bool) -> Either<Self, Self> โ
self
into a Left
variant of Either<Self, Self>
if into_left
is true
.
Converts self
into a Right
variant of Either<Self, Self>
otherwise. Read moreSourceยงfn into_either_with<F>(self, into_left: F) -> Either<Self, Self> โ
fn into_either_with<F>(self, into_left: F) -> Either<Self, Self> โ
self
into a Left
variant of Either<Self, Self>
if into_left(&self)
returns true
.
Converts self
into a Right
variant of Either<Self, Self>
otherwise. Read moreSourceยงimpl<T> IntoSql for T
impl<T> IntoSql for T
Sourceยงfn into_sql<T>(self) -> Self::Expression
fn into_sql<T>(self) -> Self::Expression
self
to an expression for Dieselโs query builder. Read moreSourceยงfn as_sql<'a, T>(&'a self) -> <&'a Self as AsExpression<T>>::Expression
fn as_sql<'a, T>(&'a self) -> <&'a Self as AsExpression<T>>::Expression
&self
to an expression for Dieselโs query builder. Read moreSourceยงimpl<T> Pointable for T
impl<T> Pointable for T
Sourceยงimpl<T> QueueableCommand for T
impl<T> QueueableCommand for T
Sourceยงfn queue(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> Result<&mut T, Error>
fn queue(&mut self, command: impl Command) -> Result<&mut T, Error>
Queues the given command for further execution.
Queued commands will be executed in the following cases:
- When
flush
is called manually on the given type implementingio::Write
. - The terminal will
flush
automatically if the buffer is full. - Each line is flushed in case of
stdout
, because it is line buffered.
ยงArguments
-
The command that you want to queue for later execution.
ยงExamples
use std::io::{self, Write};
use crossterm::{QueueableCommand, style::Print};
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
// `Print` will executed executed when `flush` is called.
stdout
.queue(Print("foo 1\n".to_string()))?
.queue(Print("foo 2".to_string()))?;
// some other code (no execution happening here) ...
// when calling `flush` on `stdout`, all commands will be written to the stdout and therefore executed.
stdout.flush()?;
Ok(())
// ==== Output ====
// foo 1
// foo 2
}
Have a look over at the Command API for more details.
ยงNotes
- In the case of UNIX and Windows 10, ANSI codes are written to the given โwriterโ.
- In case of Windows versions lower than 10, a direct WinAPI call will be made.
The reason for this is that Windows versions lower than 10 do not support ANSI codes,
and can therefore not be written to the given
writer
. Therefore, there is no difference between execute and queue for those old Windows versions.
Sourceยงimpl<SS, SP> SupersetOf<SS> for SPwhere
SS: SubsetOf<SP>,
impl<SS, SP> SupersetOf<SS> for SPwhere
SS: SubsetOf<SP>,
Sourceยงfn to_subset(&self) -> Option<SS>
fn to_subset(&self) -> Option<SS>
self
from the equivalent element of its
superset. Read moreSourceยงfn is_in_subset(&self) -> bool
fn is_in_subset(&self) -> bool
self
is actually part of its subset T
(and can be converted to it).Sourceยงfn to_subset_unchecked(&self) -> SS
fn to_subset_unchecked(&self) -> SS
self.to_subset
but without any property checks. Always succeeds.Sourceยงfn from_subset(element: &SS) -> SP
fn from_subset(element: &SS) -> SP
self
to the equivalent element of its superset.Sourceยงimpl<W> SynchronizedUpdate for W
impl<W> SynchronizedUpdate for W
Sourceยงfn sync_update<T>(
&mut self,
operations: impl FnOnce(&mut W) -> T,
) -> Result<T, Error>
fn sync_update<T>( &mut self, operations: impl FnOnce(&mut W) -> T, ) -> Result<T, Error>
Performs a set of actions within a synchronous update.
Updates will be suspended in the terminal, the function will be executed against self, updates will be resumed, and a flush will be performed.
ยงArguments
-
Function
A function that performs the operations that must execute in a synchronized update.
ยงExamples
use std::io;
use crossterm::{ExecutableCommand, SynchronizedUpdate, style::Print};
fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
let mut stdout = io::stdout();
stdout.sync_update(|stdout| {
stdout.execute(Print("foo 1\n".to_string()))?;
stdout.execute(Print("foo 2".to_string()))?;
// The effects of the print command will not be present in the terminal
// buffer, but not visible in the terminal.
std::io::Result::Ok(())
})?;
// The effects of the commands will be visible.
Ok(())
// ==== Output ====
// foo 1
// foo 2
}
ยงNotes
This command is performed only using ANSI codes, and will do nothing on terminals that do not support ANSI codes, or this specific extension.
When rendering the screen of the terminal, the Emulator usually iterates through each visible grid cell and renders its current state. With applications updating the screen a at higher frequency this can cause tearing.
This mode attempts to mitigate that.
When the synchronization mode is enabled following render calls will keep rendering the last rendered state. The terminal Emulator keeps processing incoming text and sequences. When the synchronized update mode is disabled again the renderer may fetch the latest screen buffer state again, effectively avoiding the tearing effect by unintentionally rendering in the middle a of an application screen update.