clap_builder/parser/matches/
arg_matches.rs

1// Std
2use std::any::Any;
3use std::ffi::{OsStr, OsString};
4use std::fmt::Debug;
5use std::iter::{Cloned, Flatten, Map};
6use std::slice::Iter;
7
8// Internal
9#[cfg(debug_assertions)]
10use crate::builder::Str;
11use crate::parser::MatchedArg;
12use crate::parser::MatchesError;
13use crate::parser::ValueSource;
14use crate::util::AnyValue;
15use crate::util::AnyValueId;
16use crate::util::FlatMap;
17use crate::util::Id;
18use crate::INTERNAL_ERROR_MSG;
19
20/// Container for parse results.
21///
22/// Used to get information about the arguments that were supplied to the program at runtime by
23/// the user. New instances of this struct are obtained by using the [`Command::get_matches`] family of
24/// methods.
25///
26/// # Examples
27///
28/// ```no_run
29/// # use clap_builder as clap;
30/// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
31/// # use clap::parser::ValueSource;
32/// let matches = Command::new("MyApp")
33///     .arg(Arg::new("out")
34///         .long("output")
35///         .required(true)
36///         .action(ArgAction::Set)
37///         .default_value("-"))
38///     .arg(Arg::new("cfg")
39///         .short('c')
40///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
41///     .get_matches(); // builds the instance of ArgMatches
42///
43/// // to get information about the "cfg" argument we created, such as the value supplied we use
44/// // various ArgMatches methods, such as [ArgMatches::get_one]
45/// if let Some(c) = matches.get_one::<String>("cfg") {
46///     println!("Value for -c: {c}");
47/// }
48///
49/// // The ArgMatches::get_one method returns an Option because the user may not have supplied
50/// // that argument at runtime. But if we specified that the argument was "required" as we did
51/// // with the "out" argument, we can safely unwrap because `clap` verifies that was actually
52/// // used at runtime.
53/// println!("Value for --output: {}", matches.get_one::<String>("out").unwrap());
54///
55/// // You can check the presence of an argument's values
56/// if matches.contains_id("out") {
57///     // However, if you want to know where the value came from
58///     if matches.value_source("out").expect("checked contains_id") == ValueSource::CommandLine {
59///         println!("`out` set by user");
60///     } else {
61///         println!("`out` is defaulted");
62///     }
63/// }
64/// ```
65/// [`Command::get_matches`]: crate::Command::get_matches()
66#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default, PartialEq, Eq)]
67pub struct ArgMatches {
68    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
69    pub(crate) valid_args: Vec<Id>,
70    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
71    pub(crate) valid_subcommands: Vec<Str>,
72    pub(crate) args: FlatMap<Id, MatchedArg>,
73    pub(crate) subcommand: Option<Box<SubCommand>>,
74}
75
76/// # Arguments
77impl ArgMatches {
78    /// Gets the value of a specific option or positional argument.
79    ///
80    /// i.e. an argument that [takes an additional value][crate::Arg::num_args] at runtime.
81    ///
82    /// Returns an error if the wrong type was used.
83    ///
84    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
85    ///
86    /// <div class="warning">
87    ///
88    /// *NOTE:* This will always return `Some(value)` if [`default_value`] has been set.
89    /// [`ArgMatches::value_source`] can be used to check if a value is present at runtime.
90    ///
91    /// </div>
92    ///
93    /// # Panic
94    ///
95    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch.  To handle this case programmatically, see
96    /// [`ArgMatches::try_get_one`].
97    ///
98    /// # Examples
99    ///
100    /// ```rust
101    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
102    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, value_parser, ArgAction};
103    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
104    ///     .arg(Arg::new("port")
105    ///         .value_parser(value_parser!(usize))
106    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set)
107    ///         .required(true))
108    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "2020"]);
109    ///
110    /// let port: usize = *m
111    ///     .get_one("port")
112    ///     .expect("`port`is required");
113    /// assert_eq!(port, 2020);
114    /// ```
115    /// [positional]: crate::Arg::index()
116    /// [`default_value`]: crate::Arg::default_value()
117    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
118    pub fn get_one<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(&self, id: &str) -> Option<&T> {
119        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_get_one(id))
120    }
121
122    /// Gets the value of a specific [`ArgAction::Count`][crate::ArgAction::Count] flag
123    ///
124    /// # Panic
125    ///
126    /// If the argument's action is not [`ArgAction::Count`][crate::ArgAction::Count]
127    ///
128    /// # Examples
129    ///
130    /// ```rust
131    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
132    /// # use clap::Command;
133    /// # use clap::Arg;
134    /// let cmd = Command::new("mycmd")
135    ///     .arg(
136    ///         Arg::new("flag")
137    ///             .long("flag")
138    ///             .action(clap::ArgAction::Count)
139    ///     );
140    ///
141    /// let matches = cmd.clone().try_get_matches_from(["mycmd", "--flag", "--flag"]).unwrap();
142    /// assert_eq!(
143    ///     matches.get_count("flag"),
144    ///     2
145    /// );
146    /// ```
147    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
148    pub fn get_count(&self, id: &str) -> u8 {
149        *self.get_one::<u8>(id).unwrap_or_else(|| {
150            panic!("arg `{id}`'s `ArgAction` should be `Count` which should provide a default")
151        })
152    }
153
154    /// Gets the value of a specific [`ArgAction::SetTrue`][crate::ArgAction::SetTrue] or [`ArgAction::SetFalse`][crate::ArgAction::SetFalse] flag
155    ///
156    /// # Panic
157    ///
158    /// If the argument's action is not [`ArgAction::SetTrue`][crate::ArgAction::SetTrue] or [`ArgAction::SetFalse`][crate::ArgAction::SetFalse]
159    ///
160    /// # Examples
161    ///
162    /// ```rust
163    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
164    /// # use clap::Command;
165    /// # use clap::Arg;
166    /// let cmd = Command::new("mycmd")
167    ///     .arg(
168    ///         Arg::new("flag")
169    ///             .long("flag")
170    ///             .action(clap::ArgAction::SetTrue)
171    ///     );
172    ///
173    /// let matches = cmd.clone().try_get_matches_from(["mycmd", "--flag"]).unwrap();
174    /// assert!(matches.contains_id("flag"));
175    /// assert_eq!(
176    ///     matches.get_flag("flag"),
177    ///     true
178    /// );
179    /// ```
180    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
181    pub fn get_flag(&self, id: &str) -> bool {
182        *self
183            .get_one::<bool>(id)
184            .unwrap_or_else(|| {
185                panic!(
186                    "arg `{id}`'s `ArgAction` should be one of `SetTrue`, `SetFalse` which should provide a default"
187                )
188            })
189    }
190
191    /// Iterate over values of a specific option or positional argument.
192    ///
193    /// i.e. an argument that takes multiple values at runtime.
194    ///
195    /// Returns an error if the wrong type was used.
196    ///
197    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
198    ///
199    /// # Panic
200    ///
201    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch.  To handle this case programmatically, see
202    /// [`ArgMatches::try_get_many`].
203    ///
204    /// # Examples
205    ///
206    /// ```rust
207    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
208    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, value_parser, ArgAction};
209    /// let m = Command::new("myprog")
210    ///     .arg(Arg::new("ports")
211    ///         .action(ArgAction::Append)
212    ///         .value_parser(value_parser!(usize))
213    ///         .short('p')
214    ///         .required(true))
215    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
216    ///         "myprog", "-p", "22", "-p", "80", "-p", "2020"
217    ///     ]);
218    /// let vals: Vec<usize> = m.get_many("ports")
219    ///     .expect("`port`is required")
220    ///     .copied()
221    ///     .collect();
222    /// assert_eq!(vals, [22, 80, 2020]);
223    /// ```
224    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
225    pub fn get_many<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
226        &self,
227        id: &str,
228    ) -> Option<ValuesRef<'_, T>> {
229        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_get_many(id))
230    }
231
232    /// Iterate over the values passed to each occurrence of an option.
233    ///
234    /// Each item is itself an iterator containing the arguments passed to a single occurrence
235    /// of the option.
236    ///
237    /// If the option doesn't support multiple occurrences, or there was only a single occurrence,
238    /// the iterator will only contain a single item.
239    ///
240    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
241    ///
242    /// # Panics
243    ///
244    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch (debug builds). To handle this case programmatically, see
245    /// [`ArgMatches::try_get_occurrences`].
246    ///
247    /// # Examples
248    /// ```rust
249    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
250    /// # use clap::{Command,Arg, ArgAction, value_parser};
251    /// let m = Command::new("myprog")
252    ///     .arg(Arg::new("x")
253    ///         .short('x')
254    ///         .num_args(2)
255    ///         .action(ArgAction::Append)
256    ///         .value_parser(value_parser!(String)))
257    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
258    ///         "myprog", "-x", "a", "b", "-x", "c", "d"]);
259    /// let vals: Vec<Vec<&String>> = m.get_occurrences("x").unwrap().map(Iterator::collect).collect();
260    /// assert_eq!(vals, [["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]);
261    /// ```
262    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
263    pub fn get_occurrences<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
264        &self,
265        id: &str,
266    ) -> Option<OccurrencesRef<'_, T>> {
267        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_get_occurrences(id))
268    }
269
270    /// Iterate over the original argument values.
271    ///
272    /// An `OsStr` on Unix-like systems is any series of bytes, regardless of whether or not they
273    /// contain valid UTF-8. Since [`String`]s in Rust are guaranteed to be valid UTF-8, a valid
274    /// filename on a Unix system as an argument value may contain invalid UTF-8.
275    ///
276    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
277    ///
278    /// # Panic
279    ///
280    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch.  To handle this case programmatically, see
281    /// [`ArgMatches::try_get_raw`].
282    ///
283    /// # Examples
284    ///
285    /// ```rust
286    /// # #[cfg(unix)] {
287    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
288    /// # use clap::{Command, arg, value_parser};
289    /// # use std::ffi::{OsStr,OsString};
290    /// # use std::os::unix::ffi::{OsStrExt,OsStringExt};
291    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
292    ///
293    /// let m = Command::new("utf8")
294    ///     .arg(arg!(<arg> ... "some arg").value_parser(value_parser!(PathBuf)))
295    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![OsString::from("myprog"),
296    ///                                 // "Hi"
297    ///                                 OsString::from_vec(vec![b'H', b'i']),
298    ///                                 // "{0xe9}!"
299    ///                                 OsString::from_vec(vec![0xe9, b'!'])]);
300    ///
301    /// let mut itr = m.get_raw("arg")
302    ///     .expect("`port`is required")
303    ///     .into_iter();
304    /// assert_eq!(itr.next(), Some(OsStr::new("Hi")));
305    /// assert_eq!(itr.next(), Some(OsStr::from_bytes(&[0xe9, b'!'])));
306    /// assert_eq!(itr.next(), None);
307    /// # }
308    /// ```
309    /// [`Iterator`]: std::iter::Iterator
310    /// [`OsSt`]: std::ffi::OsStr
311    /// [`String`]: std::string::String
312    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
313    pub fn get_raw(&self, id: &str) -> Option<RawValues<'_>> {
314        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_get_raw(id))
315    }
316
317    /// Iterate over the original values for each occurrence of an option.
318    ///
319    /// Similar to [`ArgMatches::get_occurrences`] but returns raw values.
320    ///
321    /// An `OsStr` on Unix-like systems is any series of bytes, regardless of whether or not they
322    /// contain valid UTF-8. Since [`String`]s in Rust are guaranteed to be valid UTF-8, a valid
323    /// filename on a Unix system as an argument value may contain invalid UTF-8.
324    ///
325    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
326    ///
327    /// # Panic
328    ///
329    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch.  To handle this case programmatically, see
330    /// [`ArgMatches::try_get_raw_occurrences`].
331    ///
332    /// # Examples
333    ///
334    /// ```rust
335    /// # #[cfg(unix)] {
336    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
337    /// # use clap::{Command, arg, value_parser, ArgAction, Arg};
338    /// # use std::ffi::{OsStr,OsString};
339    /// # use std::os::unix::ffi::{OsStrExt,OsStringExt};
340    /// use std::path::PathBuf;
341    ///
342    /// let m = Command::new("myprog")
343    ///     .arg(Arg::new("x")
344    ///         .short('x')
345    ///         .num_args(2)
346    ///         .action(ArgAction::Append)
347    ///         .value_parser(value_parser!(PathBuf)))
348    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![OsString::from("myprog"),
349    ///                             OsString::from("-x"),
350    ///                             OsString::from("a"), OsString::from("b"),
351    ///                             OsString::from("-x"),
352    ///                             OsString::from("c"),
353    ///                             // "{0xe9}!"
354    ///                             OsString::from_vec(vec![0xe9, b'!'])]);
355    /// let mut itr = m.get_raw_occurrences("x")
356    ///     .expect("`-x`is required")
357    ///     .map(Iterator::collect::<Vec<_>>);
358    /// assert_eq!(itr.next(), Some(vec![OsStr::new("a"), OsStr::new("b")]));
359    /// assert_eq!(itr.next(), Some(vec![OsStr::new("c"), OsStr::from_bytes(&[0xe9, b'!'])]));
360    /// assert_eq!(itr.next(), None);
361    /// # }
362    /// ```
363    /// [`Iterator`]: std::iter::Iterator
364    /// [`OsStr`]: std::ffi::OsStr
365    /// [`String`]: std::string::String
366    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
367    pub fn get_raw_occurrences(&self, id: &str) -> Option<RawOccurrences<'_>> {
368        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_get_raw_occurrences(id))
369    }
370
371    /// Returns the value of a specific option or positional argument.
372    ///
373    /// i.e. an argument that [takes an additional value][crate::Arg::num_args] at runtime.
374    ///
375    /// Returns an error if the wrong type was used.  No item will have been removed.
376    ///
377    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
378    ///
379    /// <div class="warning">
380    ///
381    /// *NOTE:* This will always return `Some(value)` if [`default_value`] has been set.
382    /// [`ArgMatches::value_source`] can be used to check if a value is present at runtime.
383    ///
384    /// </div>
385    ///
386    /// # Panic
387    ///
388    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch.  To handle this case programmatically, see
389    /// [`ArgMatches::try_remove_one`].
390    ///
391    /// # Examples
392    ///
393    /// ```rust
394    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
395    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, value_parser, ArgAction};
396    /// let mut m = Command::new("myprog")
397    ///     .arg(Arg::new("file")
398    ///         .required(true)
399    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
400    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
401    ///         "myprog", "file.txt",
402    ///     ]);
403    /// let vals: String = m.remove_one("file")
404    ///     .expect("`file`is required");
405    /// assert_eq!(vals, "file.txt");
406    /// ```
407    /// [positional]: crate::Arg::index()
408    /// [`default_value`]: crate::Arg::default_value()
409    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
410    pub fn remove_one<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(&mut self, id: &str) -> Option<T> {
411        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_remove_one(id))
412    }
413
414    /// Return values of a specific option or positional argument.
415    ///
416    /// i.e. an argument that takes multiple values at runtime.
417    ///
418    /// Returns an error if the wrong type was used.  No item will have been removed.
419    ///
420    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
421    ///
422    /// # Panic
423    ///
424    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch.  To handle this case programmatically, see
425    /// [`ArgMatches::try_remove_many`].
426    ///
427    /// # Examples
428    ///
429    /// ```rust
430    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
431    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, value_parser, ArgAction};
432    /// let mut m = Command::new("myprog")
433    ///     .arg(Arg::new("file")
434    ///         .action(ArgAction::Append)
435    ///         .num_args(1..)
436    ///         .required(true))
437    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
438    ///         "myprog", "file1.txt", "file2.txt", "file3.txt", "file4.txt",
439    ///     ]);
440    /// let vals: Vec<String> = m.remove_many("file")
441    ///     .expect("`file`is required")
442    ///     .collect();
443    /// assert_eq!(vals, ["file1.txt", "file2.txt", "file3.txt", "file4.txt"]);
444    /// ```
445    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
446    pub fn remove_many<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
447        &mut self,
448        id: &str,
449    ) -> Option<Values<T>> {
450        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_remove_many(id))
451    }
452
453    /// Return values for each occurrence of an option.
454    ///
455    /// Each item is itself an iterator containing the arguments passed to a single occurrence of
456    /// the option.
457    ///
458    /// If the option doesn't support multiple occurrences, or there was only a single occurrence,
459    /// the iterator will only contain a single item.
460    ///
461    /// Returns `None` if the option wasn't present.
462    ///
463    /// # Panic
464    ///
465    /// If the argument definition and access mismatch.  To handle this case programmatically, see
466    /// [`ArgMatches::try_remove_occurrences`].
467    ///
468    /// # Examples
469    ///
470    /// ```rust
471    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
472    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, value_parser, ArgAction};
473    /// let mut m = Command::new("myprog")
474    ///     .arg(Arg::new("x")
475    ///         .short('x')
476    ///         .num_args(2)
477    ///         .action(ArgAction::Append)
478    ///         .value_parser(value_parser!(String)))
479    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
480    ///         "myprog", "-x", "a", "b", "-x", "c", "d"]);
481    /// let vals: Vec<Vec<String>> = m.remove_occurrences("x").unwrap().map(Iterator::collect).collect();
482    /// assert_eq!(vals, [["a", "b"], ["c", "d"]]);
483    /// ```
484    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
485    pub fn remove_occurrences<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
486        &mut self,
487        id: &str,
488    ) -> Option<Occurrences<T>> {
489        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_remove_occurrences(id))
490    }
491
492    /// Check if values are present for the argument or group id
493    ///
494    /// <div class="warning">
495    ///
496    /// *NOTE:* This will always return `true` if [`default_value`] has been set.
497    /// [`ArgMatches::value_source`] can be used to check if a value is present at runtime.
498    ///
499    /// </div>
500    ///
501    /// # Panics
502    ///
503    /// If `id` is not a valid argument or group name (debug builds).  To handle this case programmatically, see
504    /// [`ArgMatches::try_contains_id`].
505    ///
506    /// # Examples
507    ///
508    /// ```rust
509    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
510    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
511    /// let m = Command::new("myprog")
512    ///     .arg(Arg::new("debug")
513    ///         .short('d')
514    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
515    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
516    ///         "myprog", "-d"
517    ///     ]);
518    ///
519    /// assert!(m.contains_id("debug"));
520    /// ```
521    ///
522    /// [`default_value`]: crate::Arg::default_value()
523    pub fn contains_id(&self, id: &str) -> bool {
524        MatchesError::unwrap(id, self.try_contains_id(id))
525    }
526
527    /// Iterate over [`Arg`][crate::Arg] and [`ArgGroup`][crate::ArgGroup] [`Id`]s via [`ArgMatches::ids`].
528    ///
529    /// # Examples
530    ///
531    /// ```rust
532    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
533    /// # use clap::{Command, arg, value_parser};
534    ///
535    /// let m = Command::new("myprog")
536    ///     .arg(arg!(--color <when>)
537    ///         .value_parser(["auto", "always", "never"]))
538    ///     .arg(arg!(--config <path>)
539    ///         .value_parser(value_parser!(std::path::PathBuf)))
540    ///     .get_matches_from(["myprog", "--config=config.toml", "--color=auto"]);
541    /// assert_eq!(m.ids().len(), 2);
542    /// assert_eq!(
543    ///     m.ids()
544    ///         .map(|id| id.as_str())
545    ///         .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
546    ///     ["config", "color"]
547    /// );
548    /// ```
549    pub fn ids(&self) -> IdsRef<'_> {
550        IdsRef {
551            iter: self.args.keys(),
552        }
553    }
554
555    /// Check if any [`Arg`][crate::Arg]s were present on the command line
556    ///
557    /// See [`ArgMatches::subcommand_name()`] or [`ArgMatches::subcommand()`] to check if a
558    /// subcommand was present on the command line.
559    ///
560    /// # Examples
561    ///
562    /// ```rust
563    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
564    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
565    /// let mut cmd = Command::new("myapp")
566    ///     .arg(Arg::new("output")
567    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set));
568    ///
569    /// let m = cmd
570    ///     .try_get_matches_from_mut(vec!["myapp", "something"])
571    ///     .unwrap();
572    /// assert!(m.args_present());
573    ///
574    /// let m = cmd
575    ///     .try_get_matches_from_mut(vec!["myapp"])
576    ///     .unwrap();
577    /// assert!(! m.args_present());
578    pub fn args_present(&self) -> bool {
579        self.args
580            .values()
581            .any(|v| v.source().map(|s| s.is_explicit()).unwrap_or(false))
582    }
583
584    /// Report where argument value came from
585    ///
586    /// # Panics
587    ///
588    /// If `id` is not a valid argument or group id (debug builds).
589    ///
590    /// # Examples
591    ///
592    /// ```rust
593    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
594    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
595    /// # use clap::parser::ValueSource;
596    /// let m = Command::new("myprog")
597    ///     .arg(Arg::new("debug")
598    ///         .short('d')
599    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
600    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
601    ///         "myprog", "-d"
602    ///     ]);
603    ///
604    /// assert_eq!(m.value_source("debug"), Some(ValueSource::CommandLine));
605    /// ```
606    ///
607    /// [`default_value`]: crate::Arg::default_value()
608    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
609    pub fn value_source(&self, id: &str) -> Option<ValueSource> {
610        let value = self.get_arg(id);
611
612        value.and_then(MatchedArg::source)
613    }
614
615    /// The first index of that an argument showed up.
616    ///
617    /// Indices are similar to argv indices, but are not exactly 1:1.
618    ///
619    /// For flags (i.e. those arguments which don't have an associated value), indices refer
620    /// to occurrence of the switch, such as `-f`, or `--flag`. However, for options the indices
621    /// refer to the *values* `-o val` would therefore not represent two distinct indices, only the
622    /// index for `val` would be recorded. This is by design.
623    ///
624    /// Besides the flag/option discrepancy, the primary difference between an argv index and clap
625    /// index, is that clap continues counting once all arguments have properly separated, whereas
626    /// an argv index does not.
627    ///
628    /// The examples should clear this up.
629    ///
630    /// <div class="warning">
631    ///
632    /// *NOTE:* If an argument is allowed multiple times, this method will only give the *first*
633    /// index.  See [`ArgMatches::indices_of`].
634    ///
635    /// </div>
636    ///
637    /// # Panics
638    ///
639    /// If `id` is not a valid argument or group id (debug builds).
640    ///
641    /// # Examples
642    ///
643    /// The argv indices are listed in the comments below. See how they correspond to the clap
644    /// indices. Note that if it's not listed in a clap index, this is because it's not saved in
645    /// in an `ArgMatches` struct for querying.
646    ///
647    /// ```rust
648    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
649    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
650    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
651    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag")
652    ///         .short('f')
653    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
654    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
655    ///         .short('o')
656    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
657    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-f", "-o", "val"]);
658    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0       ^1    ^2    ^3
659    ///            // clap indices:          ^1          ^3
660    ///
661    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag"), Some(1));
662    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("option"), Some(3));
663    /// ```
664    ///
665    /// Now notice, if we use one of the other styles of options:
666    ///
667    /// ```rust
668    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
669    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
670    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
671    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag")
672    ///         .short('f')
673    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
674    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
675    ///         .short('o')
676    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
677    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-f", "-o=val"]);
678    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0       ^1    ^2
679    ///            // clap indices:          ^1       ^3
680    ///
681    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag"), Some(1));
682    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("option"), Some(3));
683    /// ```
684    ///
685    /// Things become much more complicated, or clear if we look at a more complex combination of
686    /// flags. Let's also throw in the final option style for good measure.
687    ///
688    /// ```rust
689    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
690    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
691    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
692    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag")
693    ///         .short('f')
694    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
695    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag2")
696    ///         .short('F')
697    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
698    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag3")
699    ///         .short('z')
700    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
701    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
702    ///         .short('o')
703    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
704    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-fzF", "-oval"]);
705    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0      ^1       ^2
706    ///            // clap indices:         ^1,2,3    ^5
707    ///            //
708    ///            // clap sees the above as 'myapp -f -z -F -o val'
709    ///            //                         ^0    ^1 ^2 ^3 ^4 ^5
710    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag"), Some(1));
711    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag2"), Some(3));
712    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag3"), Some(2));
713    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("option"), Some(5));
714    /// ```
715    ///
716    /// One final combination of flags/options to see how they combine:
717    ///
718    /// ```rust
719    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
720    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
721    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
722    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag")
723    ///         .short('f')
724    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
725    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag2")
726    ///         .short('F')
727    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
728    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag3")
729    ///         .short('z')
730    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue))
731    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
732    ///         .short('o')
733    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
734    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-fzFoval"]);
735    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0       ^1
736    ///            // clap indices:          ^1,2,3^5
737    ///            //
738    ///            // clap sees the above as 'myapp -f -z -F -o val'
739    ///            //                         ^0    ^1 ^2 ^3 ^4 ^5
740    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag"), Some(1));
741    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag2"), Some(3));
742    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("flag3"), Some(2));
743    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("option"), Some(5));
744    /// ```
745    ///
746    /// The last part to mention is when values are sent in multiple groups with a [delimiter].
747    ///
748    /// ```rust
749    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
750    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg};
751    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
752    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
753    ///         .short('o')
754    ///         .value_delimiter(',')
755    ///         .num_args(1..))
756    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-o=val1,val2,val3"]);
757    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0       ^1
758    ///            // clap indices:             ^2   ^3   ^4
759    ///            //
760    ///            // clap sees the above as 'myapp -o val1 val2 val3'
761    ///            //                         ^0    ^1 ^2   ^3   ^4
762    /// assert_eq!(m.index_of("option"), Some(2));
763    /// assert_eq!(m.indices_of("option").unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[2, 3, 4]);
764    /// ```
765    /// [delimiter]: crate::Arg::value_delimiter()
766    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
767    pub fn index_of(&self, id: &str) -> Option<usize> {
768        let arg = some!(self.get_arg(id));
769        let i = some!(arg.get_index(0));
770        Some(i)
771    }
772
773    /// All indices an argument appeared at when parsing.
774    ///
775    /// Indices are similar to argv indices, but are not exactly 1:1.
776    ///
777    /// For flags (i.e. those arguments which don't have an associated value), indices refer
778    /// to occurrence of the switch, such as `-f`, or `--flag`. However, for options the indices
779    /// refer to the *values* `-o val` would therefore not represent two distinct indices, only the
780    /// index for `val` would be recorded. This is by design.
781    ///
782    /// <div class="warning">
783    ///
784    /// *NOTE:* For more information about how clap indices compared to argv indices, see
785    /// [`ArgMatches::index_of`]
786    ///
787    /// </div>
788    ///
789    /// # Panics
790    ///
791    /// If `id` is not a valid argument or group id (debug builds).
792    ///
793    /// # Examples
794    ///
795    /// ```rust
796    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
797    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg};
798    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
799    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
800    ///         .short('o')
801    ///         .value_delimiter(','))
802    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-o=val1,val2,val3"]);
803    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0       ^1
804    ///            // clap indices:             ^2   ^3   ^4
805    ///            //
806    ///            // clap sees the above as 'myapp -o val1 val2 val3'
807    ///            //                         ^0    ^1 ^2   ^3   ^4
808    /// assert_eq!(m.indices_of("option").unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[2, 3, 4]);
809    /// ```
810    ///
811    /// Another quick example is when flags and options are used together
812    ///
813    /// ```rust
814    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
815    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
816    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
817    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
818    ///         .short('o')
819    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set)
820    ///         .action(ArgAction::Append))
821    ///     .arg(Arg::new("flag")
822    ///         .short('f')
823    ///         .action(ArgAction::Count))
824    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-o", "val1", "-f", "-o", "val2", "-f"]);
825    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0       ^1    ^2      ^3    ^4    ^5      ^6
826    ///            // clap indices:                ^2      ^3          ^5      ^6
827    ///
828    /// assert_eq!(m.indices_of("option").unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[2, 5]);
829    /// assert_eq!(m.indices_of("flag").unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[6]);
830    /// ```
831    ///
832    /// One final example, which is an odd case; if we *don't* use  value delimiter as we did with
833    /// the first example above instead of `val1`, `val2` and `val3` all being distinc values, they
834    /// would all be a single value of `val1,val2,val3`, in which case they'd only receive a single
835    /// index.
836    ///
837    /// ```rust
838    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
839    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
840    /// let m = Command::new("myapp")
841    ///     .arg(Arg::new("option")
842    ///         .short('o')
843    ///         .action(ArgAction::Set)
844    ///         .num_args(1..))
845    ///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-o=val1,val2,val3"]);
846    ///            // ARGV indices: ^0       ^1
847    ///            // clap indices:             ^2
848    ///            //
849    ///            // clap sees the above as 'myapp -o "val1,val2,val3"'
850    ///            //                         ^0    ^1  ^2
851    /// assert_eq!(m.indices_of("option").unwrap().collect::<Vec<_>>(), &[2]);
852    /// ```
853    /// [`ArgMatches::index_of`]: ArgMatches::index_of()
854    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
855    pub fn indices_of(&self, id: &str) -> Option<Indices<'_>> {
856        let arg = some!(self.get_arg(id));
857        let i = Indices {
858            iter: arg.indices(),
859            len: arg.num_vals(),
860        };
861        Some(i)
862    }
863}
864
865/// # Subcommands
866impl ArgMatches {
867    /// The name and `ArgMatches` of the current [subcommand].
868    ///
869    /// Subcommand values are put in a child [`ArgMatches`]
870    ///
871    /// Returns `None` if the subcommand wasn't present at runtime,
872    ///
873    /// # Examples
874    ///
875    /// ```no_run
876    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
877    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, };
878    ///  let app_m = Command::new("git")
879    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("clone"))
880    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("push"))
881    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("commit"))
882    ///      .get_matches();
883    ///
884    /// match app_m.subcommand() {
885    ///     Some(("clone",  sub_m)) => {}, // clone was used
886    ///     Some(("push",   sub_m)) => {}, // push was used
887    ///     Some(("commit", sub_m)) => {}, // commit was used
888    ///     _                       => {}, // Either no subcommand or one not tested for...
889    /// }
890    /// ```
891    ///
892    /// Another useful scenario is when you want to support third party, or external, subcommands.
893    /// In these cases you can't know the subcommand name ahead of time, so use a variable instead
894    /// with pattern matching!
895    ///
896    /// ```rust
897    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
898    /// # use std::ffi::OsString;
899    /// # use std::ffi::OsStr;
900    /// # use clap::Command;
901    /// // Assume there is an external subcommand named "subcmd"
902    /// let app_m = Command::new("myprog")
903    ///     .allow_external_subcommands(true)
904    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
905    ///         "myprog", "subcmd", "--option", "value", "-fff", "--flag"
906    ///     ]);
907    ///
908    /// // All trailing arguments will be stored under the subcommand's sub-matches using an empty
909    /// // string argument name
910    /// match app_m.subcommand() {
911    ///     Some((external, sub_m)) => {
912    ///          let ext_args: Vec<&OsStr> = sub_m.get_many::<OsString>("")
913    ///             .unwrap().map(|s| s.as_os_str()).collect();
914    ///          assert_eq!(external, "subcmd");
915    ///          assert_eq!(ext_args, ["--option", "value", "-fff", "--flag"]);
916    ///     },
917    ///     _ => {},
918    /// }
919    /// ```
920    /// [subcommand]: crate::Command::subcommand
921    #[inline]
922    pub fn subcommand(&self) -> Option<(&str, &ArgMatches)> {
923        self.subcommand.as_ref().map(|sc| (&*sc.name, &sc.matches))
924    }
925
926    /// Return the name and `ArgMatches` of the current [subcommand].
927    ///
928    /// Subcommand values are put in a child [`ArgMatches`]
929    ///
930    /// Returns `None` if the subcommand wasn't present at runtime,
931    ///
932    /// # Examples
933    ///
934    /// ```no_run
935    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
936    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, };
937    ///  let mut app_m = Command::new("git")
938    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("clone"))
939    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("push"))
940    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("commit"))
941    ///      .subcommand_required(true)
942    ///      .get_matches();
943    ///
944    /// let (name, sub_m) = app_m.remove_subcommand().expect("required");
945    /// match (name.as_str(), sub_m) {
946    ///     ("clone",  sub_m) => {}, // clone was used
947    ///     ("push",   sub_m) => {}, // push was used
948    ///     ("commit", sub_m) => {}, // commit was used
949    ///     (name, _)         => unimplemented!("{name}"),
950    /// }
951    /// ```
952    ///
953    /// Another useful scenario is when you want to support third party, or external, subcommands.
954    /// In these cases you can't know the subcommand name ahead of time, so use a variable instead
955    /// with pattern matching!
956    ///
957    /// ```rust
958    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
959    /// # use std::ffi::OsString;
960    /// # use clap::Command;
961    /// // Assume there is an external subcommand named "subcmd"
962    /// let mut app_m = Command::new("myprog")
963    ///     .allow_external_subcommands(true)
964    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
965    ///         "myprog", "subcmd", "--option", "value", "-fff", "--flag"
966    ///     ]);
967    ///
968    /// // All trailing arguments will be stored under the subcommand's sub-matches using an empty
969    /// // string argument name
970    /// match app_m.remove_subcommand() {
971    ///     Some((external, mut sub_m)) => {
972    ///          let ext_args: Vec<OsString> = sub_m.remove_many("")
973    ///             .expect("`file`is required")
974    ///             .collect();
975    ///          assert_eq!(external, "subcmd");
976    ///          assert_eq!(ext_args, ["--option", "value", "-fff", "--flag"]);
977    ///     },
978    ///     _ => {},
979    /// }
980    /// ```
981    /// [subcommand]: crate::Command::subcommand
982    pub fn remove_subcommand(&mut self) -> Option<(String, ArgMatches)> {
983        self.subcommand.take().map(|sc| (sc.name, sc.matches))
984    }
985
986    /// The `ArgMatches` for the current [subcommand].
987    ///
988    /// Subcommand values are put in a child [`ArgMatches`]
989    ///
990    /// Returns `None` if the subcommand wasn't present at runtime,
991    ///
992    /// # Panics
993    ///
994    /// If `id` is not a valid subcommand (debug builds).
995    ///
996    /// # Examples
997    ///
998    /// ```rust
999    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
1000    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
1001    /// let app_m = Command::new("myprog")
1002    ///     .arg(Arg::new("debug")
1003    ///         .short('d')
1004    ///         .action(ArgAction::SetTrue)
1005    ///     )
1006    ///     .subcommand(Command::new("test")
1007    ///         .arg(Arg::new("opt")
1008    ///             .long("option")
1009    ///             .action(ArgAction::Set)))
1010    ///     .get_matches_from(vec![
1011    ///         "myprog", "-d", "test", "--option", "val"
1012    ///     ]);
1013    ///
1014    /// // Both parent commands, and child subcommands can have arguments present at the same times
1015    /// assert!(app_m.get_flag("debug"));
1016    ///
1017    /// // Get the subcommand's ArgMatches instance
1018    /// if let Some(sub_m) = app_m.subcommand_matches("test") {
1019    ///     // Use the struct like normal
1020    ///     assert_eq!(sub_m.get_one::<String>("opt").map(|s| s.as_str()), Some("val"));
1021    /// }
1022    /// ```
1023    ///
1024    /// [subcommand]: crate::Command::subcommand
1025    /// [`Command`]: crate::Command
1026    pub fn subcommand_matches(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&ArgMatches> {
1027        self.get_subcommand(name).map(|sc| &sc.matches)
1028    }
1029
1030    /// The name of the current [subcommand].
1031    ///
1032    /// Returns `None` if the subcommand wasn't present at runtime,
1033    ///
1034    /// # Examples
1035    ///
1036    /// ```no_run
1037    /// # use clap_builder as clap;
1038    /// # use clap::{Command, Arg, };
1039    ///  let app_m = Command::new("git")
1040    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("clone"))
1041    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("push"))
1042    ///      .subcommand(Command::new("commit"))
1043    ///      .get_matches();
1044    ///
1045    /// match app_m.subcommand_name() {
1046    ///     Some("clone")  => {}, // clone was used
1047    ///     Some("push")   => {}, // push was used
1048    ///     Some("commit") => {}, // commit was used
1049    ///     _              => {}, // Either no subcommand or one not tested for...
1050    /// }
1051    /// ```
1052    /// [subcommand]: crate::Command::subcommand
1053    /// [`Command`]: crate::Command
1054    #[inline]
1055    pub fn subcommand_name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
1056        self.subcommand.as_ref().map(|sc| &*sc.name)
1057    }
1058
1059    /// Check if a subcommand can be queried
1060    ///
1061    /// By default, `ArgMatches` functions assert on undefined `Id`s to help catch programmer
1062    /// mistakes.  In some context, this doesn't work, so users can use this function to check
1063    /// before they do a query on `ArgMatches`.
1064    #[inline]
1065    #[doc(hidden)]
1066    pub fn is_valid_subcommand(&self, _name: &str) -> bool {
1067        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
1068        {
1069            _name.is_empty() || self.valid_subcommands.iter().any(|s| *s == _name)
1070        }
1071        #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
1072        {
1073            true
1074        }
1075    }
1076}
1077
1078/// # Advanced
1079impl ArgMatches {
1080    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::get_one`]
1081    pub fn try_get_one<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1082        &self,
1083        id: &str,
1084    ) -> Result<Option<&T>, MatchesError> {
1085        let arg = ok!(self.try_get_arg_t::<T>(id));
1086        let value = match arg.and_then(|a| a.first()) {
1087            Some(value) => value,
1088            None => {
1089                return Ok(None);
1090            }
1091        };
1092        Ok(value
1093            .downcast_ref::<T>()
1094            .map(Some)
1095            .expect(INTERNAL_ERROR_MSG)) // enforced by `try_get_arg_t`
1096    }
1097
1098    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::get_many`]
1099    pub fn try_get_many<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1100        &self,
1101        id: &str,
1102    ) -> Result<Option<ValuesRef<'_, T>>, MatchesError> {
1103        let arg = match ok!(self.try_get_arg_t::<T>(id)) {
1104            Some(arg) => arg,
1105            None => return Ok(None),
1106        };
1107        let len = arg.num_vals();
1108        let values = arg.vals_flatten();
1109        let values = ValuesRef {
1110            // enforced by `try_get_arg_t`
1111            iter: values.map(unwrap_downcast_ref),
1112            len,
1113        };
1114        Ok(Some(values))
1115    }
1116
1117    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::get_occurrences`]
1118    pub fn try_get_occurrences<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1119        &self,
1120        id: &str,
1121    ) -> Result<Option<OccurrencesRef<'_, T>>, MatchesError> {
1122        let arg = match ok!(self.try_get_arg_t::<T>(id)) {
1123            Some(arg) => arg,
1124            None => return Ok(None),
1125        };
1126        let values = arg.vals();
1127        Ok(Some(OccurrencesRef {
1128            iter: values.map(|g| OccurrenceValuesRef {
1129                iter: g.iter().map(unwrap_downcast_ref),
1130            }),
1131        }))
1132    }
1133
1134    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::get_raw`]
1135    pub fn try_get_raw(&self, id: &str) -> Result<Option<RawValues<'_>>, MatchesError> {
1136        let arg = match ok!(self.try_get_arg(id)) {
1137            Some(arg) => arg,
1138            None => return Ok(None),
1139        };
1140        let len = arg.num_vals();
1141        let values = arg.raw_vals_flatten();
1142        let values = RawValues {
1143            iter: values.map(OsString::as_os_str),
1144            len,
1145        };
1146        Ok(Some(values))
1147    }
1148
1149    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::get_raw_occurrences`]
1150    pub fn try_get_raw_occurrences(
1151        &self,
1152        id: &str,
1153    ) -> Result<Option<RawOccurrences<'_>>, MatchesError> {
1154        let arg = match ok!(self.try_get_arg(id)) {
1155            Some(arg) => arg,
1156            None => return Ok(None),
1157        };
1158        let values = arg.raw_vals();
1159        let occurrences = RawOccurrences {
1160            iter: values.map(|g| RawOccurrenceValues {
1161                iter: g.iter().map(OsString::as_os_str),
1162            }),
1163        };
1164        Ok(Some(occurrences))
1165    }
1166
1167    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::remove_one`]
1168    pub fn try_remove_one<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1169        &mut self,
1170        id: &str,
1171    ) -> Result<Option<T>, MatchesError> {
1172        match ok!(self.try_remove_arg_t::<T>(id)) {
1173            Some(values) => Ok(values
1174                .into_vals_flatten()
1175                // enforced by `try_get_arg_t`
1176                .map(unwrap_downcast_into)
1177                .next()),
1178            None => Ok(None),
1179        }
1180    }
1181
1182    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::remove_many`]
1183    pub fn try_remove_many<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1184        &mut self,
1185        id: &str,
1186    ) -> Result<Option<Values<T>>, MatchesError> {
1187        let arg = match ok!(self.try_remove_arg_t::<T>(id)) {
1188            Some(arg) => arg,
1189            None => return Ok(None),
1190        };
1191        let len = arg.num_vals();
1192        let values = arg.into_vals_flatten();
1193        let values = Values {
1194            // enforced by `try_get_arg_t`
1195            iter: values.map(unwrap_downcast_into),
1196            len,
1197        };
1198        Ok(Some(values))
1199    }
1200
1201    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::remove_occurrences`]
1202    pub fn try_remove_occurrences<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1203        &mut self,
1204        id: &str,
1205    ) -> Result<Option<Occurrences<T>>, MatchesError> {
1206        let arg = match ok!(self.try_remove_arg_t::<T>(id)) {
1207            Some(arg) => arg,
1208            None => return Ok(None),
1209        };
1210        let values = arg.into_vals();
1211        let occurrences = Occurrences {
1212            iter: values.into_iter().map(|g| OccurrenceValues {
1213                iter: g.into_iter().map(unwrap_downcast_into),
1214            }),
1215        };
1216        Ok(Some(occurrences))
1217    }
1218
1219    /// Non-panicking version of [`ArgMatches::contains_id`]
1220    pub fn try_contains_id(&self, id: &str) -> Result<bool, MatchesError> {
1221        ok!(self.verify_arg(id));
1222
1223        let presence = self.args.contains_key(id);
1224        Ok(presence)
1225    }
1226
1227    /// Clears the values for the given `id`
1228    ///
1229    /// Alternative to [`try_remove_*`][ArgMatches::try_remove_one] when the type is not known.
1230    ///
1231    /// Returns `Err([``MatchesError``])` if the given `id` isn't valid for current `ArgMatches` instance.
1232    ///
1233    /// Returns `Ok(true)` if there were any matches with the given `id`, `Ok(false)` otherwise.
1234    pub fn try_clear_id(&mut self, id: &str) -> Result<bool, MatchesError> {
1235        ok!(self.verify_arg(id));
1236        Ok(self.args.remove_entry(id).is_some())
1237    }
1238}
1239
1240// Private methods
1241impl ArgMatches {
1242    #[inline]
1243    fn try_get_arg(&self, arg: &str) -> Result<Option<&MatchedArg>, MatchesError> {
1244        ok!(self.verify_arg(arg));
1245        Ok(self.args.get(arg))
1246    }
1247
1248    #[inline]
1249    fn try_get_arg_t<T: Any + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1250        &self,
1251        arg: &str,
1252    ) -> Result<Option<&MatchedArg>, MatchesError> {
1253        let arg = match ok!(self.try_get_arg(arg)) {
1254            Some(arg) => arg,
1255            None => {
1256                return Ok(None);
1257            }
1258        };
1259        ok!(self.verify_arg_t::<T>(arg));
1260        Ok(Some(arg))
1261    }
1262
1263    #[inline]
1264    fn try_remove_arg_t<T: Any + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1265        &mut self,
1266        arg: &str,
1267    ) -> Result<Option<MatchedArg>, MatchesError> {
1268        ok!(self.verify_arg(arg));
1269        let (id, matched) = match self.args.remove_entry(arg) {
1270            Some((id, matched)) => (id, matched),
1271            None => {
1272                return Ok(None);
1273            }
1274        };
1275
1276        let expected = AnyValueId::of::<T>();
1277        let actual = matched.infer_type_id(expected);
1278        if actual == expected {
1279            Ok(Some(matched))
1280        } else {
1281            self.args.insert(id, matched);
1282            Err(MatchesError::Downcast { actual, expected })
1283        }
1284    }
1285
1286    fn verify_arg_t<T: Any + Send + Sync + 'static>(
1287        &self,
1288        arg: &MatchedArg,
1289    ) -> Result<(), MatchesError> {
1290        let expected = AnyValueId::of::<T>();
1291        let actual = arg.infer_type_id(expected);
1292        if expected == actual {
1293            Ok(())
1294        } else {
1295            Err(MatchesError::Downcast { actual, expected })
1296        }
1297    }
1298
1299    #[inline]
1300    fn verify_arg(&self, _arg: &str) -> Result<(), MatchesError> {
1301        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
1302        {
1303            if _arg == Id::EXTERNAL || self.valid_args.iter().any(|s| *s == _arg) {
1304            } else {
1305                debug!(
1306                    "`{:?}` is not an id of an argument or a group.\n\
1307                     Make sure you're using the name of the argument itself \
1308                     and not the name of short or long flags.",
1309                    _arg
1310                );
1311                return Err(MatchesError::UnknownArgument {});
1312            }
1313        }
1314        Ok(())
1315    }
1316
1317    #[inline]
1318    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
1319    fn get_arg<'s>(&'s self, arg: &str) -> Option<&'s MatchedArg> {
1320        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
1321        {
1322            if arg == Id::EXTERNAL || self.valid_args.iter().any(|s| *s == arg) {
1323            } else {
1324                panic!(
1325                    "`{arg:?}` is not an id of an argument or a group.\n\
1326                     Make sure you're using the name of the argument itself \
1327                     and not the name of short or long flags."
1328                );
1329            }
1330        }
1331
1332        self.args.get(arg)
1333    }
1334
1335    #[inline]
1336    #[cfg_attr(debug_assertions, track_caller)]
1337    fn get_subcommand(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&SubCommand> {
1338        #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
1339        {
1340            if name.is_empty() || self.valid_subcommands.iter().any(|s| *s == name) {
1341            } else {
1342                panic!("`{name}` is not a name of a subcommand.");
1343            }
1344        }
1345
1346        if let Some(ref sc) = self.subcommand {
1347            if sc.name == name {
1348                return Some(sc);
1349            }
1350        }
1351
1352        None
1353    }
1354}
1355
1356#[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)]
1357pub(crate) struct SubCommand {
1358    pub(crate) name: String,
1359    pub(crate) matches: ArgMatches,
1360}
1361
1362/// Iterate over [`Arg`][crate::Arg] and [`ArgGroup`][crate::ArgGroup] [`Id`]s via [`ArgMatches::ids`].
1363///
1364/// # Examples
1365///
1366/// ```rust
1367/// # use clap_builder as clap;
1368/// # use clap::{Command, arg, value_parser};
1369///
1370/// let m = Command::new("myprog")
1371///     .arg(arg!(--color <when>)
1372///         .value_parser(["auto", "always", "never"]))
1373///     .arg(arg!(--config <path>)
1374///         .value_parser(value_parser!(std::path::PathBuf)))
1375///     .get_matches_from(["myprog", "--config=config.toml", "--color=auto"]);
1376/// assert_eq!(
1377///     m.ids()
1378///         .map(|id| id.as_str())
1379///         .collect::<Vec<_>>(),
1380///     ["config", "color"]
1381/// );
1382/// ```
1383#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1384pub struct IdsRef<'a> {
1385    iter: Iter<'a, Id>,
1386}
1387
1388impl<'a> Iterator for IdsRef<'a> {
1389    type Item = &'a Id;
1390
1391    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a Id> {
1392        self.iter.next()
1393    }
1394    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1395        self.iter.size_hint()
1396    }
1397}
1398
1399impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for IdsRef<'a> {
1400    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<&'a Id> {
1401        self.iter.next_back()
1402    }
1403}
1404
1405impl ExactSizeIterator for IdsRef<'_> {}
1406
1407/// Iterate over multiple values for an argument via [`ArgMatches::remove_many`].
1408///
1409/// # Examples
1410///
1411/// ```rust
1412/// # use clap_builder as clap;
1413/// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
1414/// let mut m = Command::new("myapp")
1415///     .arg(Arg::new("output")
1416///         .short('o')
1417///         .action(ArgAction::Append))
1418///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-o", "val1", "-o", "val2"]);
1419///
1420/// let mut values = m.remove_many::<String>("output")
1421///     .unwrap();
1422///
1423/// assert_eq!(values.next(), Some(String::from("val1")));
1424/// assert_eq!(values.next(), Some(String::from("val2")));
1425/// assert_eq!(values.next(), None);
1426/// ```
1427#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1428pub struct Values<T> {
1429    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1430    iter: Map<Flatten<std::vec::IntoIter<Vec<AnyValue>>>, fn(AnyValue) -> T>,
1431    len: usize,
1432}
1433
1434impl<T> Iterator for Values<T> {
1435    type Item = T;
1436
1437    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1438        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next() {
1439            self.len -= 1;
1440            Some(next)
1441        } else {
1442            None
1443        }
1444    }
1445    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1446        (self.len, Some(self.len))
1447    }
1448}
1449
1450impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for Values<T> {
1451    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1452        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next_back() {
1453            self.len -= 1;
1454            Some(next)
1455        } else {
1456            None
1457        }
1458    }
1459}
1460
1461impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for Values<T> {}
1462
1463/// Creates an empty iterator.
1464impl<T> Default for Values<T> {
1465    fn default() -> Self {
1466        let empty: Vec<Vec<AnyValue>> = Default::default();
1467        Values {
1468            iter: empty.into_iter().flatten().map(|_| unreachable!()),
1469            len: 0,
1470        }
1471    }
1472}
1473
1474/// Iterate over multiple values for an argument via [`ArgMatches::get_many`].
1475///
1476/// # Examples
1477///
1478/// ```rust
1479/// # use clap_builder as clap;
1480/// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
1481/// let m = Command::new("myapp")
1482///     .arg(Arg::new("output")
1483///         .short('o')
1484///         .action(ArgAction::Append))
1485///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-o", "val1", "-o", "val2"]);
1486///
1487/// let mut values = m.get_many::<String>("output")
1488///     .unwrap()
1489///     .map(|s| s.as_str());
1490///
1491/// assert_eq!(values.next(), Some("val1"));
1492/// assert_eq!(values.next(), Some("val2"));
1493/// assert_eq!(values.next(), None);
1494/// ```
1495#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1496pub struct ValuesRef<'a, T> {
1497    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1498    iter: Map<Flatten<Iter<'a, Vec<AnyValue>>>, fn(&AnyValue) -> &T>,
1499    len: usize,
1500}
1501
1502impl<'a, T: 'a> Iterator for ValuesRef<'a, T> {
1503    type Item = &'a T;
1504
1505    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1506        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next() {
1507            self.len -= 1;
1508            Some(next)
1509        } else {
1510            None
1511        }
1512    }
1513    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1514        (self.len, Some(self.len))
1515    }
1516}
1517
1518impl<'a, T: 'a> DoubleEndedIterator for ValuesRef<'a, T> {
1519    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1520        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next_back() {
1521            self.len -= 1;
1522            Some(next)
1523        } else {
1524            None
1525        }
1526    }
1527}
1528
1529impl<'a, T: 'a> ExactSizeIterator for ValuesRef<'a, T> {}
1530
1531/// Creates an empty iterator.
1532impl<'a, T: 'a> Default for ValuesRef<'a, T> {
1533    fn default() -> Self {
1534        static EMPTY: [Vec<AnyValue>; 0] = [];
1535        ValuesRef {
1536            iter: EMPTY[..].iter().flatten().map(|_| unreachable!()),
1537            len: 0,
1538        }
1539    }
1540}
1541
1542/// Iterate over raw argument values via [`ArgMatches::get_raw`].
1543///
1544/// # Examples
1545///
1546/// ```rust
1547/// # #[cfg(unix)] {
1548/// # use clap_builder as clap;
1549/// # use clap::{Command, arg, value_parser};
1550/// use std::ffi::OsString;
1551/// use std::os::unix::ffi::{OsStrExt,OsStringExt};
1552///
1553/// let m = Command::new("utf8")
1554///     .arg(arg!(<arg> "some arg")
1555///         .value_parser(value_parser!(OsString)))
1556///     .get_matches_from(vec![OsString::from("myprog"),
1557///                             // "Hi {0xe9}!"
1558///                             OsString::from_vec(vec![b'H', b'i', b' ', 0xe9, b'!'])]);
1559/// assert_eq!(
1560///     &*m.get_raw("arg")
1561///         .unwrap()
1562///         .next().unwrap()
1563///         .as_bytes(),
1564///     [b'H', b'i', b' ', 0xe9, b'!']
1565/// );
1566/// # }
1567/// ```
1568#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1569pub struct RawValues<'a> {
1570    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1571    iter: Map<Flatten<Iter<'a, Vec<OsString>>>, fn(&OsString) -> &OsStr>,
1572    len: usize,
1573}
1574
1575impl<'a> Iterator for RawValues<'a> {
1576    type Item = &'a OsStr;
1577
1578    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<&'a OsStr> {
1579        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next() {
1580            self.len -= 1;
1581            Some(next)
1582        } else {
1583            None
1584        }
1585    }
1586    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1587        (self.len, Some(self.len))
1588    }
1589}
1590
1591impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for RawValues<'a> {
1592    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<&'a OsStr> {
1593        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next_back() {
1594            self.len -= 1;
1595            Some(next)
1596        } else {
1597            None
1598        }
1599    }
1600}
1601
1602impl ExactSizeIterator for RawValues<'_> {}
1603
1604/// Creates an empty iterator.
1605impl Default for RawValues<'_> {
1606    fn default() -> Self {
1607        static EMPTY: [Vec<OsString>; 0] = [];
1608        RawValues {
1609            iter: EMPTY[..].iter().flatten().map(|_| unreachable!()),
1610            len: 0,
1611        }
1612    }
1613}
1614
1615// The following were taken and adapted from vec_map source
1616// repo: https://github.com/contain-rs/vec-map
1617// commit: be5e1fa3c26e351761b33010ddbdaf5f05dbcc33
1618// license: MIT - Copyright (c) 2015 The Rust Project Developers
1619
1620#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1621#[deprecated(since = "4.1.0", note = "Use Occurrences instead")]
1622pub(crate) struct GroupedValues<'a> {
1623    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1624    iter: Map<Iter<'a, Vec<AnyValue>>, fn(&Vec<AnyValue>) -> Vec<&str>>,
1625    len: usize,
1626}
1627
1628#[allow(deprecated)]
1629impl<'a> Iterator for GroupedValues<'a> {
1630    type Item = Vec<&'a str>;
1631
1632    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1633        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next() {
1634            self.len -= 1;
1635            Some(next)
1636        } else {
1637            None
1638        }
1639    }
1640    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1641        (self.len, Some(self.len))
1642    }
1643}
1644
1645#[allow(deprecated)]
1646impl DoubleEndedIterator for GroupedValues<'_> {
1647    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1648        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next_back() {
1649            self.len -= 1;
1650            Some(next)
1651        } else {
1652            None
1653        }
1654    }
1655}
1656
1657#[allow(deprecated)]
1658impl ExactSizeIterator for GroupedValues<'_> {}
1659
1660/// Creates an empty iterator. Used for `unwrap_or_default()`.
1661#[allow(deprecated)]
1662impl Default for GroupedValues<'_> {
1663    fn default() -> Self {
1664        static EMPTY: [Vec<AnyValue>; 0] = [];
1665        GroupedValues {
1666            iter: EMPTY[..].iter().map(|_| unreachable!()),
1667            len: 0,
1668        }
1669    }
1670}
1671
1672#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1673pub struct Occurrences<T> {
1674    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1675    iter: Map<std::vec::IntoIter<Vec<AnyValue>>, fn(Vec<AnyValue>) -> OccurrenceValues<T>>,
1676}
1677
1678impl<T> Iterator for Occurrences<T> {
1679    type Item = OccurrenceValues<T>;
1680
1681    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1682        self.iter.next()
1683    }
1684
1685    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1686        self.iter.size_hint()
1687    }
1688}
1689
1690impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for Occurrences<T> {
1691    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1692        self.iter.next_back()
1693    }
1694}
1695
1696impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for Occurrences<T> {}
1697
1698impl<T> Default for Occurrences<T> {
1699    fn default() -> Self {
1700        let empty: Vec<Vec<AnyValue>> = Default::default();
1701        Occurrences {
1702            iter: empty.into_iter().map(|_| unreachable!()),
1703        }
1704    }
1705}
1706
1707#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1708pub struct OccurrenceValues<T> {
1709    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1710    iter: Map<std::vec::IntoIter<AnyValue>, fn(AnyValue) -> T>,
1711}
1712
1713impl<T> Iterator for OccurrenceValues<T> {
1714    type Item = T;
1715
1716    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1717        self.iter.next()
1718    }
1719
1720    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1721        self.iter.size_hint()
1722    }
1723}
1724
1725impl<T> DoubleEndedIterator for OccurrenceValues<T> {
1726    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1727        self.iter.next_back()
1728    }
1729}
1730
1731impl<T> ExactSizeIterator for OccurrenceValues<T> {}
1732
1733#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1734pub struct OccurrencesRef<'a, T> {
1735    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1736    iter: Map<Iter<'a, Vec<AnyValue>>, fn(&Vec<AnyValue>) -> OccurrenceValuesRef<'_, T>>,
1737}
1738
1739impl<'a, T> Iterator for OccurrencesRef<'a, T>
1740where
1741    Self: 'a,
1742{
1743    type Item = OccurrenceValuesRef<'a, T>;
1744
1745    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1746        self.iter.next()
1747    }
1748
1749    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1750        self.iter.size_hint()
1751    }
1752}
1753
1754impl<'a, T> DoubleEndedIterator for OccurrencesRef<'a, T>
1755where
1756    Self: 'a,
1757{
1758    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1759        self.iter.next_back()
1760    }
1761}
1762
1763impl<'a, T> ExactSizeIterator for OccurrencesRef<'a, T> where Self: 'a {}
1764impl<T> Default for OccurrencesRef<'_, T> {
1765    fn default() -> Self {
1766        static EMPTY: [Vec<AnyValue>; 0] = [];
1767        OccurrencesRef {
1768            iter: EMPTY[..].iter().map(|_| unreachable!()),
1769        }
1770    }
1771}
1772
1773#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1774pub struct OccurrenceValuesRef<'a, T> {
1775    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1776    iter: Map<Iter<'a, AnyValue>, fn(&AnyValue) -> &T>,
1777}
1778
1779impl<'a, T> Iterator for OccurrenceValuesRef<'a, T>
1780where
1781    Self: 'a,
1782{
1783    type Item = &'a T;
1784
1785    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1786        self.iter.next()
1787    }
1788
1789    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1790        self.iter.size_hint()
1791    }
1792}
1793
1794impl<'a, T> DoubleEndedIterator for OccurrenceValuesRef<'a, T>
1795where
1796    Self: 'a,
1797{
1798    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1799        self.iter.next_back()
1800    }
1801}
1802
1803impl<'a, T> ExactSizeIterator for OccurrenceValuesRef<'a, T> where Self: 'a {}
1804
1805#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1806pub struct RawOccurrences<'a> {
1807    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1808    iter: Map<Iter<'a, Vec<OsString>>, fn(&Vec<OsString>) -> RawOccurrenceValues<'_>>,
1809}
1810
1811impl<'a> Iterator for RawOccurrences<'a> {
1812    type Item = RawOccurrenceValues<'a>;
1813
1814    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1815        self.iter.next()
1816    }
1817
1818    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1819        self.iter.size_hint()
1820    }
1821}
1822
1823impl DoubleEndedIterator for RawOccurrences<'_> {
1824    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1825        self.iter.next_back()
1826    }
1827}
1828
1829impl ExactSizeIterator for RawOccurrences<'_> {}
1830
1831impl Default for RawOccurrences<'_> {
1832    fn default() -> Self {
1833        static EMPTY: [Vec<OsString>; 0] = [];
1834        RawOccurrences {
1835            iter: EMPTY[..].iter().map(|_| unreachable!()),
1836        }
1837    }
1838}
1839
1840#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1841pub struct RawOccurrenceValues<'a> {
1842    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
1843    iter: Map<Iter<'a, OsString>, fn(&OsString) -> &OsStr>,
1844}
1845
1846impl<'a> Iterator for RawOccurrenceValues<'a>
1847where
1848    Self: 'a,
1849{
1850    type Item = &'a OsStr;
1851
1852    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1853        self.iter.next()
1854    }
1855
1856    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1857        self.iter.size_hint()
1858    }
1859}
1860
1861impl<'a> DoubleEndedIterator for RawOccurrenceValues<'a>
1862where
1863    Self: 'a,
1864{
1865    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
1866        self.iter.next_back()
1867    }
1868}
1869
1870impl ExactSizeIterator for RawOccurrenceValues<'_> {}
1871
1872/// Iterate over indices for where an argument appeared when parsing, via [`ArgMatches::indices_of`]
1873///
1874/// # Examples
1875///
1876/// ```rust
1877/// # use clap_builder as clap;
1878/// # use clap::{Command, Arg, ArgAction};
1879/// let m = Command::new("myapp")
1880///     .arg(Arg::new("output")
1881///         .short('o')
1882///         .num_args(1..)
1883///         .action(ArgAction::Set))
1884///     .get_matches_from(vec!["myapp", "-o", "val1", "val2"]);
1885///
1886/// let mut indices = m.indices_of("output").unwrap();
1887///
1888/// assert_eq!(indices.next(), Some(2));
1889/// assert_eq!(indices.next(), Some(3));
1890/// assert_eq!(indices.next(), None);
1891/// ```
1892/// [`ArgMatches::indices_of`]: ArgMatches::indices_of()
1893#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
1894pub struct Indices<'a> {
1895    iter: Cloned<Iter<'a, usize>>,
1896    len: usize,
1897}
1898
1899impl Iterator for Indices<'_> {
1900    type Item = usize;
1901
1902    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
1903        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next() {
1904            self.len -= 1;
1905            Some(next)
1906        } else {
1907            None
1908        }
1909    }
1910    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
1911        (self.len, Some(self.len))
1912    }
1913}
1914
1915impl DoubleEndedIterator for Indices<'_> {
1916    fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<usize> {
1917        if let Some(next) = self.iter.next_back() {
1918            self.len -= 1;
1919            Some(next)
1920        } else {
1921            None
1922        }
1923    }
1924}
1925
1926impl ExactSizeIterator for Indices<'_> {}
1927
1928/// Creates an empty iterator.
1929impl Default for Indices<'_> {
1930    fn default() -> Self {
1931        static EMPTY: [usize; 0] = [];
1932        // This is never called because the iterator is empty:
1933        Indices {
1934            iter: EMPTY[..].iter().cloned(),
1935            len: 0,
1936        }
1937    }
1938}
1939
1940#[track_caller]
1941fn unwrap_downcast_ref<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(value: &AnyValue) -> &T {
1942    value.downcast_ref().expect(INTERNAL_ERROR_MSG)
1943}
1944
1945#[track_caller]
1946fn unwrap_downcast_into<T: Any + Clone + Send + Sync + 'static>(value: AnyValue) -> T {
1947    value.downcast_into().expect(INTERNAL_ERROR_MSG)
1948}
1949
1950#[cfg(test)]
1951mod tests {
1952    use super::*;
1953
1954    use crate::ArgAction;
1955
1956    #[test]
1957    fn check_auto_traits() {
1958        static_assertions::assert_impl_all!(ArgMatches: Send, Sync, Unpin);
1959    }
1960
1961    #[test]
1962    fn test_default_raw_values() {
1963        let mut values: RawValues<'_> = Default::default();
1964        assert_eq!(values.next(), None);
1965    }
1966
1967    #[test]
1968    fn test_default_indices() {
1969        let mut indices: Indices<'_> = Indices::default();
1970        assert_eq!(indices.next(), None);
1971    }
1972
1973    #[test]
1974    fn test_default_indices_with_shorter_lifetime() {
1975        let matches = ArgMatches::default();
1976        let mut indices = matches.indices_of("").unwrap_or_default();
1977        assert_eq!(indices.next(), None);
1978    }
1979
1980    #[test]
1981    fn values_exact_size() {
1982        let l = crate::Command::new("test")
1983            .arg(
1984                crate::Arg::new("POTATO")
1985                    .action(ArgAction::Set)
1986                    .num_args(1..)
1987                    .required(true),
1988            )
1989            .try_get_matches_from(["test", "one"])
1990            .unwrap()
1991            .get_many::<String>("POTATO")
1992            .expect("present")
1993            .count();
1994        assert_eq!(l, 1);
1995    }
1996
1997    #[test]
1998    fn os_values_exact_size() {
1999        let l = crate::Command::new("test")
2000            .arg(
2001                crate::Arg::new("POTATO")
2002                    .action(ArgAction::Set)
2003                    .num_args(1..)
2004                    .value_parser(crate::builder::ValueParser::os_string())
2005                    .required(true),
2006            )
2007            .try_get_matches_from(["test", "one"])
2008            .unwrap()
2009            .get_many::<OsString>("POTATO")
2010            .expect("present")
2011            .count();
2012        assert_eq!(l, 1);
2013    }
2014
2015    #[test]
2016    fn indices_exact_size() {
2017        let l = crate::Command::new("test")
2018            .arg(
2019                crate::Arg::new("POTATO")
2020                    .action(ArgAction::Set)
2021                    .num_args(1..)
2022                    .required(true),
2023            )
2024            .try_get_matches_from(["test", "one"])
2025            .unwrap()
2026            .indices_of("POTATO")
2027            .expect("present")
2028            .len();
2029        assert_eq!(l, 1);
2030    }
2031
2032    #[test]
2033    fn rev_iter() {
2034        let mut matches = crate::Command::new("myprog")
2035            .arg(crate::Arg::new("a").short('a').action(ArgAction::Append))
2036            .arg(crate::Arg::new("b").short('b').action(ArgAction::Append))
2037            .try_get_matches_from(vec!["myprog", "-a1", "-b1", "-b3"])
2038            .unwrap();
2039
2040        let a_index = matches
2041            .indices_of("a")
2042            .expect("missing aopt indices")
2043            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
2044        dbg!(&a_index);
2045        let a_value = matches
2046            .remove_many::<String>("a")
2047            .expect("missing aopt values");
2048        dbg!(&a_value);
2049        let a = a_index.into_iter().zip(a_value).rev().collect::<Vec<_>>();
2050        dbg!(a);
2051
2052        let b_index = matches
2053            .indices_of("b")
2054            .expect("missing aopt indices")
2055            .collect::<Vec<_>>();
2056        dbg!(&b_index);
2057        let b_value = matches
2058            .remove_many::<String>("b")
2059            .expect("missing aopt values");
2060        dbg!(&b_value);
2061        let b = b_index.into_iter().zip(b_value).rev().collect::<Vec<_>>();
2062        dbg!(b);
2063    }
2064
2065    #[test]
2066    fn delete_id_without_returning() {
2067        let mut matches = crate::Command::new("myprog")
2068            .arg(crate::Arg::new("a").short('a').action(ArgAction::Append))
2069            .arg(crate::Arg::new("b").short('b').action(ArgAction::Append))
2070            .arg(crate::Arg::new("c").short('c').action(ArgAction::Append))
2071            .try_get_matches_from(vec!["myprog", "-b1", "-a1", "-b2"])
2072            .unwrap();
2073        let matches_ids_count = matches.ids().count();
2074        assert_eq!(matches_ids_count, 2);
2075
2076        let _ = matches
2077            .try_clear_id("d")
2078            .expect_err("should fail due to there is no arg 'd'");
2079
2080        let c_was_presented = matches
2081            .try_clear_id("c")
2082            .expect("doesn't fail because there is no matches for 'c' argument");
2083        assert!(!c_was_presented);
2084        let matches_ids_count = matches.ids().count();
2085        assert_eq!(matches_ids_count, 2);
2086
2087        let b_was_presented = matches.try_clear_id("b").unwrap();
2088        assert!(b_was_presented);
2089        let matches_ids_count = matches.ids().count();
2090        assert_eq!(matches_ids_count, 1);
2091
2092        let a_was_presented = matches.try_clear_id("a").unwrap();
2093        assert!(a_was_presented);
2094        let matches_ids_count = matches.ids().count();
2095        assert_eq!(matches_ids_count, 0);
2096    }
2097}